UNITED STATES SINCE 1945

Website Project - History 425 - Fall 1999

INTRODUCTION

The resource materials in print and online which afford one the opportunity to examine the final fifty years of the Twentieth Century are overwhelming. In this period political, social, economic, and cultural issues worthy of examination abound. This is an era in which the Cold War dominated our thinking and the Beatles and Elvis Presley challenged the Big Band sound of another era. It is a period when Rosa Parks sat down and Betty Friedan stood up. We traveled to the Moon and came home to inaugurate Earth Day. Leaders were assassinated and impeached. Young men and women died in Da Nang, Saigon, and in AIDS clinics. At times the economic debate centered on "guns vs. butter" and at other times on the New Deal vs. the Contract With America.

This website, undertaken as a project by the students of History 425 during the Fall 1999 Semester, is an effort to "connect" with diverse topics and areas of research and the resources available. We trust that it will provide some very significant information in itself and, as with all websites, will provide "one small step" for further exploration. It is fair to say that, like the history of the United States, it is "a work in progress". We leave the "giant leaps" for all of man and woman kind to take.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

GENERAL HISTORICAL RESOURCES: 1945-1999 | LINKS TO LINKS | ORGANIZATIONS/ASSOCIATIONS

JOURNALS/PUBLICATIONS | HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS/TEXTS

1945-1959 | 1960-1969 | 1970-1979

1980-1989 | 1990-1999

GENERAL HISTORICAL RESOURCES: 1945-1999

• Historical Documents of the 20th Century
  This site provides historical documents of the 20th Century. Here one will find Inaugural Addresses and speeches from Presidents Roosevelt, Eisenhower, Kennedy, Johnson, Nixon, Ford, Bush, and Clinton. It also offers major documents and legislation.
• Notes on the 20th Century
  This site offers information on historical events from the beginning of the century to the 1990's. This site is authored by Frank E. Smitha. This site offers a liberal left wing analysis of the Cold War period. This site also offers maps of countries during the Cold War period.
• PBS Online
  This is a general site by the Public Broadcasting System that contains information on events that have occurred since the end of World War II. This is a well-produced site that any student could go to and find information on events that have been a part of America for the last fifty years.
• Presidential Election History
  This Website shows the results of every Presidential Election in United States History; major candidates. Broken down by major Political Party; shows results by State.
• The History Channel
  The History Channels Online Page.  A good site for general information and studies of Modern American History, as well as many other time periods and other places.  Contains many speeches and a good "Today in History" feature:
• Supreme Court Collection
  Explore the entire collection of Supreme Court Archives. The Legal Information Institute of Cornell University provides easy access to historic cases ranging from Marbury v. Madison through Roe v. Wade, extending into present day.
• The Cold War
  Visit CNN’s interactive web site on the Cold War. Learn about key players, read personal memoirs, examine recently declassified documents, and more.
• An Abridged History of the United States
  Designed to provide background material, this extremely broad site plays host to a concise outline of American History.
• American History
  Explore the past by visiting this comprehensive guide to American History.
• History and Politics Out Loud
  A searchable archive of politically significant audio materials in the late 20th Century. A component of "Historical Voices" (NEH-MSU)
• The Library Today
  This online Library of Congress offers the user the latest news, events and features of interest from the nation's premier library. One can access what happened "today in history".
• The Research Room: NARA
  It is possible to research Federal Government Organizations, the Media, and other selected topics such as the Cold War Era and the Watergate Tapes.
• National Security Agency
  A good site for research involving the NSA and American policy during the Cold War
• JFKlancer
  This website offers a variety of documents about John F. Kennedy. Site is a commercial site.
• The President John F. Kennedy Assassination Records Collection.
  This site offers many links to important JFK sites and information. The information became available in 1992. It includes more than four and a half million pages of assassination-related records, photograph's, motion pictures, sound recordings and artifacts.
• AFRO-American Almanac
  This website offers a good resource for African American history. It reveals links to biographies of famous individuals, historical events, documents, folk tales, and poetry.
• Civil Rights Movement
  This website gives a history of civil rights. It also highlights key events and characters in the history of the Civil Rights movement during the fifties and sixties.
• Middle East Policy Analysis
  This site discusses "Ancient History: U.S. Conduct in the Middle East since World War II and the Folly of Intervention". It has over 90 pages of detailed information explaining the issues facing the United States in the Middle East from post World War II to the present.
• George Bush Presidential Library Online
  This site offers information on the former President's library. It includes information on exhibits inside the museum, a collection of video speeches, and biographies on both George and Barbara Bush.
• Ronald Reagan
  This is an excellent site for an individual to find out about the life, times and presidency of Ronald Reagan. The site has seventy-five links.
• Ronald Reagan and the Cold War
  An essay by Andrew Busch, Assistant Professor of Political Science at the University of Denver, on Ronald Reagan and the Cold War.
• Levittown: Documents of an Ideal American Suburb
  This site provides a brief description of Levittown. It also gives links to photographs of Levittown.
• Mental Health 1950-Present
  A History Timeline which highlights the history of mental retardation and the mentally disabled from 1950 on along with other significant issues/events.
• Real History
  This website offers an assortment of controversial documents, articles and links to additional materials to aid researchers find information about recent American history.
• The Architecture of Modern Political Power
  A very unique website!This website gives a conspiracy theory perspective on American History.
• The Federation of American Scientists Military Analysis Network
  This contains an introduction to the American military in terms that everyone can understand, as well as documents relating to the Defense budget, national security news, and other useful information
• The Costs of War
  Comparison of the overall cost of all major American conflicts in casualties, participation, and the financial expenditures of each:

LINKS TO LINKS

• Cold War Hot Links This site contains numerous links on Cold War issues. From McCarthyism to Cold War essays, this site will take one where one wants to go to relive those Cold War days.
• Cold War Policies 1945-1991
  This website revised by Professor Steven Schoenherr is excellent to use for research purposes. It lists U.S. policies discussed during the Cold War and offers links to further investigate these policies.
• Harvard Project Cold War Links
  Numerous fine links to Cold War studies
• Parameters Links to Links
  An excellent site which provides numerous links to U.S. military journals and magazines, U.S. Department of Defense sites, other U.S. government sites, news sources, policy journals, references, U.S. civilian organizations, and international organizations.
• The Presidents of the United States This is an excellent link to the official White House site. Good for individuals to find general information on the Presidents of the United States.
• Korean War Links
  
• Beat Generation Resource Page
  Learn about the "underground" celebrities of the Beat Generation from Jack Kerouac to Allen Ginsberg. Links to news articles, events, individuals, and literary works.
• Feminism
  This site offers an in-depth look at feminism. It offers many links to explore the topic even further such as terms and articles on feminism.

• 1960s Links
  Relevant 1960s links featuring essays, sites and other resources from the decade of decades.

• Links to the Cuban Missile Crisis
  Site offers links to information concerning the 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis. Inside are letters from Khrushchev to Kennedy, the British response to the crisis, JFK's address to the nation, and more.
• NFL History: Exhaustive Expository Concordance of the NFL.
  NFL History offers the roots of Pro Football, weekly game schedules, and many links concerning football. This site offers links to 1000 NFL sites, ESPN, Superbowls, etc.
• General History Links: Departments and Areas of Study
  Many links to Academic Departments and Document databases, also contains many other links prior to the 1945 - 1999 time frame

ORGANIZATIONS

• Organization of American Historians
  Dedicated to the study of history, the OAH offers a variety of information and welcomes members and visitors to explore. Lesson plans, membership information, links to historical sites, and more are easy to access.
• United Nations
  Investigate the latest diplomatic actions taken by the UN. Human Rights, Economic and Social Development, Peace and Security, International Law, and Humanitarian Affairs are all discussed.
• NATO
  The Official Site of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.
• The CIA
  The Central Intelligence Agency Web Site.
• The CIA's Electronic Document Release Center
  This site is an electronic Document release center. At this website one can research Popular Documents such as The Bay of Pigs Reports or other interesting government policies
• The NAACP
  This website lets one access information on the history of the NAACP and what it has done and what it is still doing today.
• Federation of American Scientists
  The Federation of American Scientists conducts analysis and advocacy on science, technology and public policy, including national security, nuclear weapons, arms sales, biological hazards, secrecy and space policy. FAS is a privately funded non-profit policy organization whose Board of Sponsors includes half of America's Nobel Laureates.
• The Harvard Project on Cold War Studies
  A very fine site for showing many opposing views on American - Soviet relations 1945 - 1990.   This site contains many peer reviewed papers on the Cold War; most rather good
• Urban Institute
  The Urban Institute examines the social and economic problems of the United States and examines the efforts being made to solve these problems.
• National Education Association
  This is the home site of the NEA. It describes recent events which the NEA has participated in. Also links to such topics as public education.
• Americans for Affirmative Action
  AUAA is an organization that supports Affirmative Action. The AUAA is a vital safeguard for equal opportunity. This site offers information on the civil rights movement.
• Advancing Women
  This site offers information on the organization for the Advancement of Women in the international business and career community.
• Reform Party Online
  Contains everything one needs to know about Ross Perot's Reform Party. Includes the party platform, constitution, mission statement, and much more. Also contains information on the candidates running for the Reform Party nominations for different elective offices.
• VETS WITH A MISSION
  A Vietnam War general history site. The site contains personal reflections and interesting photographs taken by soldiers in Vietnam. However, this site is primarily dedicated to the organization - Vets With a Mission, who take on humanitarian projects in Vietnam.
• Coalition of Families of Korean & Cold War POW and MIAs
  After the Korean War many American servicemen were missing and unaccountable. This web page explores the actions taken to find answers as to what happened. It is an interesting site which provides awareness of the issue.

JOURNALS, PUBLICATIONS

• The Wilson Quarterly
  An excellent scholarly journal. The Wilson Quarterly online allows access to current and past issues of the journal. One can investigate the staff and their views on recent books and essays.
• US News and World Report
  A general site produced by US News and World Report . Here weekly issues can be read, information on schools can be discovered, and past issues from 1997-1999 can be found. An excellent publication that gives readers a chance to read about a variety of events going on in the world today.
• Advancing Women in Leadership
  The site provides access to the most currently published issue of the journal as well as allows access to past journal issues. The journal offers information regarding professional issues of women in business.
• 50 YEARS FROM TRINITY
  Excellent internal links. An article from the Seattle Times which offers the user a general resource on the history of the United States nuclear program. This site explores the nuclear age from the first detonation of the "bomb" on July 16th 1945 to the Navy's sophisticated nuclear submarines.
• "Lichtenstein's Fictions: Meany, Reuther, and The 1964 Civil Rights Act" From the journal New Politics, this excerpt written by Professor Herbert Hill critiques research findings by Nelson Lichtenstein and discusses George Meany, Walter Reuther, and the 1964 Civil Rights Act. It is a very interesting article with detailed and clearly presented information.
• Sly Stone
  This is an article from the Groove Juicer about Sly Stone and how his music contributed to his era.
• Illusions and Delusion: The Watergate Decade
  This is an electronic journal which provides a slide show complete with pictures about the Watergate Scandal.
• Cult of Death
  An article from TIME Magazine, written by Richard Lacayo on March 15, 1993, describing the events which happened in Waco,Texas from the first shot being fired at an ATF agent to the last days when the cult building went up in flames.

• U.S.-Mexican Border Security: Civil-Military Cooperation
  This article discusses the U.S. military's assistance to border law enforcement along the U.S.-Mexican border. It also includes past and recent border security issues, drug and illegal immigrant problems, and Mexican military involvement along the border.

HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS

• Documents Relating to American Foreign Policy
  An excellent document site! If one is looking for a document relating to the Cold War this is an excellent site to explore. From 1945 up to 1996 it has more documents than one can imagine.
• Historical Text Archive
  This site offers the user quick access to many historical links. It provides selected war photography, access to Presidential libraries, The Health History Resource Center etc.
• Documents for Study of American History
  Documents from Columbus to Clinton. An awesome resource for searching across five centuries.
• Modern History Sourcebook: The Truman Doctrine, 1947. President Harry Truman's address before a joint session of Congress on March 12, 1947, known as the Truman Doctrine.
• The Official Korean Military Armistice
  Signed on June 8, 1953 in Panmunjom, Korea, the Korean Armistice signified the end of the military conflict. Nam Il, General of the Korea People's Army and William K. Harrison, Jr., Lt. General of the United States Army signed the agreement.
• Brown v Board of Education of Topeka (1954)
  This is the documentation of the actual court case. It provides Chief Justice Warren's majority opinion and notes from other cases that involved segregation and civil right suits.
• The SEATO Alliance - Australian Treaty Series 1955 No.3. This site contains the Southeast Asia collective defense treaty and protocol.
• Second Inaugural Speech of Dwight David Eisenhower
  Given on Monday, January 21, 1957, Eisenhower's speech entitled "The Price of Peace," challenged Americans to "heal a divided world." President Eisenhower, a "Cold Warrior", encouraged uniting the nations of the world by promoting freedom, justice, and opportunity for all.
• John F. Kennedy
  This site is a good choice for a general background of his assassination, his personal life, and his involvement in the political arena. Link to the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library.
• The Cuban Missile Crisis
  An excellent site for primary sources dealing with the Cuban Missile Crisis. There are over 250 individual documents at the Avalon Project/Yale Law School.
• The Port Huron Statement
  A comprehensive look at the the Port Huron Statement issued by the Students for a Democratic Society in 1962. It details what the "New Left" wanted to accomplish in the Sixties. There are original drafts of the document along with commentary from its author, Tom Hayden. This is an excellent site for one who wants to discover how the radical movement of the sixties began.
• Civil Rights Act of 1964.
  This site offers the complete text of the Act.
• The Vietnam War internet project
  A good explanation of events occurring during the Indo-China Conflict.  Contains documents and oral histories of both sides of the conflict
• The Gulf of Tonkin Incident - 1964
  This site provides President Johnson's Address to Congress on August 5, 1964 asking Congress for a resolution expressing the unity and determination of the United States in supporting freedom and in protecting peace in Southeast Asia. The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution is also offered in text.
• Richard Nixon's Second Inaugural Address
  After achieving an overwhelming victory in the Election of 1972, Nixon spoke before the nation on January 20, 1973. In his Second Inaugural Address, Nixon resolved to engender enduring worldwide peace. He pledged to lead the government in a bold new direction.
• STRATEGIC ARMS LIMITATION TALKS (SALT I)
  An excellent overview of the document known as SALT 1. It describes the event and Strategic Arms Limitation Talks from November 1969 to May 1972. The site also gives information as to why this treaty came into effect and what it accomplished.
• SALT II
  SALT II stands for the Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty II. It was signed at Vienna on June 18, 1979 by Jimmy Carter of the United States of America and Leonid Brezhnev of the USSR. Although the treaty sought to limit the arms race, the U.S., amid rising tension with the Soviets, failed to ratify the treaty.
• UN Security Council Resolution 338, October 22, 1973
  The site offers a brief overview of the Yom Kippur War of 1973 between the Arabs and Israelis. The site lays out the Security Council's terms for ending the war.
• The Camp David Accords: The Text
  This site contains the letters concerning the Camp David Accords of 1978. Letters exchanged include U.S. President Carter, Egyptian President Sadat, and Israeli Prime Minister Begin. Provides excellent insight into the rhetoric and views of all three sides.
• Reagan and Iran Contra
  The Independent Counsel's summary of the Iran-Contra investigation.
• Moscow and the Cold War
  Did Moscow win the Cold War? Click here and find out.
• The North American Free Trade Agreement between the United States, Canada and Mexico - 1993
  This site allows one to access the whole text of the 1993 free trade agreement between the U.S., Canada and Mexico.
• START II
  START II stands for the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty II. It was signed on January 3, 1993 in Moscow. The treaty was between the United States of America and the Russian Federation. This treaty reduced the nuclear weapons of both countries.
• The Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty Site
  Contains links to every facet of the CTBT. An excellent source for anyone researching the history of the struggle against nuclear proliferation.
• H.R. 6: Improving America's Schools Act of 1994
  An in depth site providing the text of the School Act of 1994.
• Sheff vs O'Neill 1996
  This is a Connecticut Supreme Court Case about the segregation of racial and ethnic minorities in the Hartford Connecticut Public School system. This case began in 1989 and was concluded in 1996.
• Jacqueline K. Onassis Last Will and Testament
  This site is one of extra-ordinary circumstances as it has the former First Lady's last will and testament. It is in full and complete form and states the distribution of all of her funds and assets.

CHRONOLOGICAL OVERVIEW

1945-1959(Excluding WWII)

• National Security Act 1947
  A student research document on the National Security Act of 1947. The author is Heath Hartsock of Truman State University. This site describes what kind of impact it had on the United States not just back then, but also in today's government. A step by step report on what former Harry S. Truman tried to do in creating this act.
• The National Security Act of 1947
  From the Department of State in Washington, D.C. The text provides an in depth view as to why the NSA was formed. This site is also very valuable because it shows what parts of government were concerned and why they believed that we needed the NSA Act of 1947.
• Kennan's Long Telegram and NSC-68: A Comparative Analysis This paper examines in comparative perspective the Long Telegram and NSC-68. The site offers detailed information on two important Cold War issues.
• Marshall Speech
  From the OECD, the Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development. At this site the famous Marshall Plan speech given by Secretary of State George C. Marshall at Harvard University is available. In this speech Marshal unveils plans to help Europe economically after World War II.
• The Marshall Plan
  An overview of the contexts and consequences of the Marshall Plan
• Harry S. Truman Library and Museum. This site contains information about President Harry Truman. Chronologies, documents,etc. A fine resource site.
• United States Position on China in 1949
  This is a statement made by the United States Secretary of State, Dean Acheson to the United States Congress on August 5, 1949.
• The Encounter of the People of Austria with US Soldiers after World War II
  This web site takes a look at the encounters Americans had with Austrians and vice versa when the Americans were stationed in Austria from 1945 - 1955.
• Information on the History Surrounding the X-1 and Breaching the Sound Barrier. October 14, 1947
  The research airplane Bell X-1, piloted by U.S. Capt. Charles Yeager,became the first aircraft to successfully exceed the speed of sound.  Before the X-1, when jets reached subsonic speeds, they would become uncontrollable. Thanks to an improved design, the X-1 reached speeds of up to 970 mph without causing the pilot to lose control of the plane.
• Bullet Shaped Aircraft
  United States Air Force Museum Archives. Additional information on supersonic aircraft
• Senator Joe McCarthy
  This site provides the reader with a brief excerpt from Richard H. Rovere's Senator Joe McCarthy. It traces the rise of McCarthy and his contribution to the Red Scare.
• "The Politics of Scholarship: Liberals, Anti-Communism, and McCarthyism."
  This site is dedicated to "McCarthyism," and states many different views of it, as well as, including an analysis of the McCarthyism phenomenon reinforced by the beliefs of scholars in the massive-based protest. This site would be helpful in writing a paper on McCarthy and McCarthyism of the 1950's.
• The Rosenburg Trial of 1951
  Site provides information concerning the famous Rosenburg treason trial of 1951. Includes a trial chronology, trial transcripts, and much more; even the final letter the Rosenburg's sent their sons while awaiting execution.
• House of Un-American Activities Committee and its investigation of Hollywood
  This site overviews the activities of HUAC in investigating the film making industry during the 1950's. It provides information on the findings of those investigations and provides a summation of the successes and downfalls of those investigations.
• The Conversion Crisis: The Creation of the State of Israel
  The site discusses the establishment of the state of Israel in 1948 and the tensions between advocates of a "strict" division between religion and state, of those who felt Judaism should be the "guiding" state principle and those who believed in a middle ground.
• Prenatal and Child Care and Dr. Benjamin Spock
  This site takes a look at the revolutionary methods used by Dr. Benjamin Spock following World War II, concerning childbirth and prenatal care. A great site for those interested in scientific experiments in the middle of the century. It is also fun to see what procedures are still practiced today and what has changed over the second half of the century.
• Fiftieth Anniversary of the Korean War
  This is a site dedicated to those who served our nation during the Korean War from 1950-1953. Includes a timeline of the War, a directory of veterans, personal memories of the war, and stories told by the soldiers themselves.
• Korea Web Weekly
  The Korean Web Weekly offers different types of general information on the Korean War period. It also has a section in the site to locate POW's and MIA's of the war.
• Korean History and The Korean War
  October 7, 1950 The UN General Assembly passed a resolution that that approved a US- led UN force to advance north of 38th parallel into North Korea, ignoring China's threat to enter the war if the parallel was crossed. The 38th parallel divided North from South Korea, a division established in 1945. After a death toll of tens of thousands three years later, the war ended with the reestablishment of the 38th parallel division. Learn more about the Korean War and Korean History. UC-Berkeley.
• United States Army in Korea
  United States Army site. About the Korean War.
• The Korean War
  General Resource Page on The Korean War.
• Dwight D. Eisenhower (1953 - 1961)
  Gather information about America's thirty-fourth President. A "glimpse" from the official White House site.
• Dwight David Eisenhower
  This site offers the biography of President Dwight D. Eisenhower and related information.
• Roadside Architecture of the 1950's
  A very unique site! Contains a great amount of information about architecture along the roads constructed in the 1950's. Includes information on billboards, diners, motels, the Levittowns, and more. Anyone researching the cultural significance of the 1950's would benefit from this site.
• Polio
  The site gives an in-depth description of what polio is and tells how the 1955 Salk vaccine dramatically decreased the outbreaks of polio.
• Larsen's Perfect Game 1956
  October 8, 1956 Donald J. Larsen of the New York Yankees pitched the first perfect game in World Series history. At Yankee Stadium, in the fifth game of the World Series against the Brooklyn Dodgers, Larsen gave up no hits, no runs, and no walks. The Yankees went on to win the series, four games to three.
• Forty years of success, setbacks
  This site offers the user a complete chronological overview of the Civil Rights movement begining with Rosa Parks and the bus boycotts.
• Newspapers and the Civil Rights Movement
  This site explains the impact of Brown v. Board of Education, the Till trial, and the integration of Central High School on the newspapers. Many newspapers were resistant to change and failed to see the broader picture of social change. The author also includes the conflict between the Southern and Northern journalists.
• An Interview with Orville Faubus
  This site contains excerpts from an interview with Orville Faubus. In the interview, Faubus denied that he chose to close Arkansas schools, defended his 1957 decision to refuse admittance to black students, and expressed his views on Eisenhower.
• Elvis Presley Timeline
  Elvis Presley's life and career is placed in a timeline format. It allows one to explore his career from beginning to his untimely death. This site is easy to use and at the end of each decade one can easily select a new decade of choice and investigate that era of Elvis' life.

• Those Men Killed up at Knox
  The site offers a concise history of the mining tragedy of January 22, 1959, when the Susquehanna River entered into the Pittston mining vein killing 12 men. It also offers some "grim facts" of the disaster, causes and the aftermath.

1960-1969

• The Sixties Project
  This site is an organization dedicated to providing quality resources via journal articles and discussion rooms dedicated to 60's chat. It also is a good source for links to sites related to the decade of the 1960's
• Martin Luther King, Jr. National Historic Site Online
  Provides information about the historic site of the great Civil Rights patriot. Information limited to the historic site only. No information on King or the Civil Rights movement itself.
• The National Civil Rights Museum
  Experience the struggle for civil rights by visiting this unique interactive site and going on the "tour". Presented in chronological order, events, key individuals, court decisions, and more are woven together to capture the true essence of the Civil Rights Movement.
• Stanford University's Martin Luther King Papers Project
  This site contains primary and secondary documents written by and about Martin Luther King, Jr.

• Martin Luther King's Nobel Prize Acceptance Speech
  Martin Luther King gave his Nobel Prize acceptance speech on December 10, 1964, in Oslo, Norway. He emphasized that nonviolence is the most significant factor in achieving civil rights.

• Martin Luther King: Nobel Peace Prize
  African American peace activist Dr. Martin L. King, Jr. was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts in favor of social justice. At the age of 35, he was the youngest person to receive such a prestigious award. He donated his entire prize award of $54,000 to further the civil rights movement.
• The Legacy of Martin Luther King
  Report on the way that Dr. King's wife and associates wish to change the way he is viewed by the public
• Malcolm X, A Research Site
  This site offers a complete history and webliography of Malcolm X's life and activities. It also serves as a link to books and words related to Malcolm X's independent thinking and teachings.
• Black Panthers Newspaper Collection
  This site offers a look at the Black Panthers Constitution, and Articles in text from the Black Panther 1968 to 1969.
• It wouldn't have happened without her: Past Profile
  The site offers a profile on Betty Friedan, a champion of women's rights. It specifically mentions Friedan's book, The Feminine Mystique, which "galvanized the first wave of the women's liberation movement."

• Betty Friedan
  The site offers a more detailed biography of this champion of women's rights with particular attention paid to her founding of the National Organization for Women (NOW) in 1966.

• National Organization for Women
  The home page for NOW which was created in 1966. This site discusses the key issues which the organization is working on.This site gives general information on the organization's structure.
• Kennedy - Nixon Debate
  The four televised debates between John F Kennedy and Richard Nixon are transcribed in this web site.
• The CIA's Internal Probe of the Bay of Pigs Affair
  This site discusses CIA Inspector General Lyman Kirkpatrick's internal audit of the Bay of Pigs. It also discusses Tracy Barnes' response to Kirkpatrick's IG Survey and Piero Gleijeses' analysis of the Bay of Pigs.
• Cuban Missile Crisis
  A site, which shows how the Washington Post examined the Cuban Missile Crisis thirty-five years after the event. It shows pictures of significant places, an in depth timeline of the event, and many newsreels which can be purchased.
• Fourteen Days in October The Cuban Missile Crisis
  This site explains what happened during the Cuban Missle crisis. It also gives an overview of key people involved in the crisis.
• John F. Kennedy Assassination Records Collection Register.
  This site indicates the availability of all the evidence collected by authorities in the investigation of President Kennedy, by Federal officials such as the FBI and CIA. There are records about everything having to do with the assassination.
• The Kennedy Assasination
  This web page looks at the evidence and theories revolving around the Kennedy assasination. It discusses all those who are said to be involved and provides accessible links to articles and essays.
• JFK
  Oliver Stone directed JFK, a movie that supports the conspiracy theory of the Kennedy assassination.
• Vietnam Timeline 1961-1969
  A timeline of the United States involvement in the Vietnam war; gives a photograph and a snippet of information on each topic; covers only the time frame of 1961-1969
• AntiWar Rally
  November 15, 1969
  A photograph of the largest anti-war rally in US history which occurred as 250,000 persons gathered in Washington D.C. to protest the Vietnam War. Drawing people from all over the US, the March was organized by a group called "the New Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam," a broad coalition of over 100 anti-War groups that included students, housewives, professionals, and even military personnel and VietnamVeterans.
• Vietnam War Draft Resistance
  An Experimental Hypertext Version of a paper on draft resistance in the Vietnam Era, explaining why and how many people fought the draft. A very unique presentation.
• Episode 3, 1967-68: CIA, the Order of Battle Controversy, and the Tet Offensive.
  This piece out of the Center for the Study of Intelligence chronicles the concerns which the U.S. military and General Westmoreland faced prior to the Tet holiday in 1968.
• Eyewitness of the Events Outside the 1968 Democratic National Convention
  This site contains eyewitness information about the events that transpired outside the 1968 DNC in Chicago. It provides great insight into the thinking of the time and the chaos that resulted.
• Project Apollo. "The Eagle Has Landed".This site contains information concerning the Apollo mission. One can find images , the goals of Apollo, flight summaries, etc.
• The Beatles Reference Library
  All things Beatles, a complete list of Beatles albums and essays on the band
• Bob Dylan "pure cult" page
  All things Dylan, a complete list of Dylan albums and a biography of his life and career
• Janis Joplin
  This site provides a very interesting look at Janis Joplin and a great story about the well-noted artist from the 60's.
• Woodstock '69
  Woodstock '69 an excellent site. Here photos, stories, and a list of performers and their songs are provided. It is a fun site to go through for those of us who were not able to experience the magic back in 1969.
• HUAC: May 1960. The Events; The Aftermath. This site discusses the consequences of student political activity at the University of California, Berkely. Hearings conducted by the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) in San Francisco on May 12-14, 1960.
• The Stonewall Riots
  This site gives a brief overview of the Stonewall Riots which marked the beginning of the Gay Liberation Movement. It also provides links to primary sources on the Gay Rights movement.

1970-1979

• Richard Milhous Nixon
  This site is a great site to find information on President Nixon and his administration.
• When Nixon Met Elvis
  This site records the famous meeting of the greatest Rock star of the time with the President of the United States.
• The Nixon Resignation
  A displayed version of Richard Nixon's resignation letter. Witnessed by Secretary of State Henry Kissinger.
• Nixon, Watergate, and the Study of the Presidency
  An excellent scholarly site! This site examines Watergate literature produced by journalists, those investigated, the investigators, historians, and political scientists. It also explores the theories concerning Watergate, the impact of Watergate, and the problems with studying the presidency.
• Kent State
  On May 4, 1970, four unarmed students were killed during an anti-war protest at Kent State University. Here, information on the Vietnam War, Nixon, and the protest is all explored.
• MAY DAY: Kent State
  This site expertly traces the events leading up to and preceeding the tragedy that occurred on May fourth at Kent State during the United States involvement in Vietnam.
• The May 4th Shootings at Kent State University. The Search for Historical Accuracy
  This site is authored by Jerry M. Lewis and Thomas R. Hensley, who are professors at Kent State. This site offers historical accuracy to the killings of 4 students by the Ohio State National Guard.
• The My Lai Massacre Courts-Martial Trial
  Site that gives a very detailed look at the courts-martial trials of William Calley and Ernest Medina for the slaughter of innocent South Vietnamese during the Vietnam conflict. It includes the laws of war, the cases against both defendants, and much more.
• Gerald R. Ford Library and Museum
  The web page for the library and museum of former President Gerald Ford. In depth information describing the library and museum. The site also provides other links on Gerald Ford.
• Gerald R. Ford Biography.
  This site contains a detailed biography of former President Gerald Ford.
• Melt Down at Three Mile Island
  Details the events of the almost disastrous nuclear melt down at Three Mile Island in Pennsylvania. Good for people who want to know more about the event and what the repercussions were. This site is well developed by PBS.
• Three Mile Island
  Visit the official fact sheet provided by the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission describing the disaster near Middletown, PA. March 28, 1979.
• Man of the Year-Jimmy Carter
  TIME magazine's article about Jimmy Carter being their Man of the Year- 1976
• 1970's The Iran Hostage Crisis of 1979-1981.
  This is an excellent web site about the 1979 Iranian Hostage Crisis of 1979-1981. It begins with a great summary of the event, even though it is broad. Also, included are excellent books and other notable sources.
• US-Iranian Relations and the Hostage Crisis
  This site explains what went on during the hostage crisis. It also has photographs and maps as visual aids. This site was part of a project done by Craig Gordan, a senior at Hofstra University.
• Earth Day Network: The Official Home of Earth Day 2000
  An Internet site very useful to people who want to know about how Earth Day began. Has a calendar dated with events to know what will be happening next. Can also find out where Earth day 2000 is going to be and what it will attempt to do.
• Gloria Steinem
  This site offers information about the creation of Ms. magazine and about feminist and co-founder of the magazine, Gloria Steinem. Ms. was created in 1972 and was the first women's magazine not to obsessively focus on make-up and clothes.
• Roe v. Wade
  For a look at the history and impact of the Roe v. Wade case this link from the Planned Parenthood web site provides it.
• 25 Years After Roe
  This site discusses the difficulty of getting an abortion, the Partial-Birth Abortion Act, and family planning. It also includes Bill Clinton and Al Gore's views on abortion.
• The Apollo Soyuz Space Project
  At this site one can find information about the Apollo Soyuz space project which began in 1975.
• The History of Tobacco, PART IV
  The final piece of a three part project, this site offers the user valuable resources about the tobacco industry since the 1970's. It also has significant dates related to the tobacco industry in chronological order. Limited resources but the site is a good overview of the cigerette industry.
• Hammerin' Hank Passes the Babe
  Chronicles the events of April 8, 1974; leading up to and the day of the game when Hank Aaron passed Babe Ruth to become the all time leader in home runs. Great for the sports fan who wants to know more about the events on the day Aaron surpassed the Babe. Site created by the Atlanta Braves.
• The 1972 Seabed Arms Control Treaty
  This site contains the narrative, text, and signatories of the 1972 arms control treaty that focused on the emplacement of nuclear weapons on the seabed and the ocean floor. It provides an introduction to the treaty that outlines the events well.

1980-1989

• History of the World Series: 1980
  An article created by the Sporting News talking about the 1980 World Series. The site goes into depth about how the Philadelphia Phillies battled hard to defeat the Kansas City Royals for their first ever baseball championship.
• Vietnam Veterans Memorial
  November 11, 1982
  Paying homage to US soldiers who served in the Vietnam War, the Vietnam Veterans Memorial was dedicated in Washington, D.C. Designed by 21-year old Maya Ying Lin, the long-awaited memorial is a simple black granite wall, inscribed with the names of over 58,000 Americans who died in the conflict. Initially opposed by many veterans' groups, public opinion shifted as people began walking along the black reflective wall and realizing the almost sacred nature of the memorial.The wall brought together those who fought and those who marched against the war
• The Fortieth President Ronald Reagan
  A brief background on Ronald Reagan from the official White House web page with links to his Inaugural addresses and to his Presidential Library.
• The election of 1984
  A brief summary of the Election of 1984 between Ronald Reagan and Walter Mondale
• Ronald Reagan: Farewell Address.
  This site contains Ronald Reagan's farewell address.
• Class Warfare in the 80s and 90s: Reaganomics and Social Justice
  The author argues that class warfare continues. He also points out the negative effects of capitalism and the social problems that exist.
• Possible Soviet Responses to the U.S. Strategic Defense Initiative
  This site provides insight into possible Soviet military repsonses to Reagan's SDI program, also known as "Star Wars." This formerly classified CIA information is very detailed and is an excellent source.
• American Invasion of Grenada
  Detailed descriptions from the Canadian War College of the American invasion in Grenada. This site is also useful for links involving events that happened in the early eighties. A good site to learn more about the invasion and why it took place.
• The Oliver North Homepage
  Site provides basic information about North's radio show. While it does not give information concerning the Iran-Contra Affair, it does provide background into the life of Oliver North.
• Sally Kristen Ride: First American Woman in Space
  The site tells of Dr. Sally Ride becoming the first American woman in space on the shuttle Challenger's 1983 mission.
• Kathryn D. Sullivan: Astronaut
  October 11, 1984 Kathryn D. Sullivan became the first U.S. female astronaut to walk in space when she exited the space shuttle Challenger. Attached only by a narrow life-support tether, Sullivan worked in space for three-and- one-half-hours before returning to Challenger's controlled environment.
• Challenger Explosion
  This site offers an informative and in-depth look at the 1986 Challenger explosion. The material is taken directly from the "Report of the Presidential Commission on the Space Shuttle Challenger Accident."
• Space Shuttle Challenger 1986
  This page is for those who want to know about the 1986 explosion of the American Space Shuttle, Challenger. This page is set up in the form of a research paper for US History. It was written by Davinder S. Mahal, in the Logan Multimedia class. The author's education level is not determined, but this is an exceptional site.
• George Bush Inaugural Address on January 20, 1989
  This site offers the Inaugural Address of President George Bush.
• "The Panama Invasion Revisited: Lessons for the Use of Force in the Post Cold War Era."
  Professor Eytan Gilboa of The American University gives an in-depth analysis of the 1989 U.S. invasion of Panama.
• Chernobyl's Lengthening Shadow
  This site offers information on the Chernobyl explosion on April 26, 1986, as a result of which radioactive iodine was spread across 2/3 of Belarus and into Poland and Sweden.
• Operation "Just Cause,"
  A very in-depth look at Operation "Just Cause," the American Intervention and Invasion of Panama in 1989. This was compiled by the United States Army, and contains a detailed overview and Tables of Organization and Equipment(TO&E) for both sides.   Some information is also given about operation "Urgent Fury." (Grenada, 1983)
• Michael Milken Interview
  This site is from Forbes Magazine. It is a detailed interview with Michael Milken, who was accused of the "junk bonds" scandal of the eighties. Milken was symbolized as, "everything that was wrong in the eighties." This is an excellent article that gives Milken's side of the story along with a detailed interview with the man.
• The California Earth Quake of 1989
  This website lets one access pictures of the aftermath from the California earthquake of 1989. It was set up by the Museum of San Fransisco
• The Fall of the Berlin Wall
  This is CNN's web page with documents on the end of the Cold War and the fall of the Berlin Wall.
• The Aids Epidemic: NYT
  Articles from the New York Times relating to the AIDS outbreak during the time frame of 1980 - 1987.
• A Cosby Show essay
  An essay on the historical significance of the Cosby Show
• Rocken's Place
  The site you have all been waiting for. This site is dedicated to all you die hard metal and glam rockers of the early 80' and 90's. This site contains links to the bands websites, and it offers complete discographies and sound samples of those "kick a--" bands our parents wouldn't allow us to listen to.

1990-1999

• The Whirlwind War: The Persian Gulf War
  Contains an internet copy of The Whirlwind War a superior book describing the Persian Gulf War.  It is pivotal to an understanding of the force structure of a modern American army operating as a multinational defense force.  It does a good job of setting the history of the conflict as well.
• Gulf War Syndrome Self-Help Guide.
  This site explains what Gulf War Syndrome is, who has it, and the symptoms, as well as other interesting information on this unique syndrome that resulted from the Gulf War.
• Hoskinson's Gulf War Photo Gallery
  This collection of spectacular photographs is dedicated to the brave men and women who served with the 1st Cavalry Division during Desert Shield and Desert Storm. Limited resources on the Gulf War are provided.
• The Gulf War
  Hear personal accounts from Gulf War veterans, find the latest information about the Gulf War Syndrome, and review tapes and transcripts. Visit locations via interactive maps, see what weapons were used and the advancements that took place in technology.
• Those Who Gave Their Lives
  This site tells of U. S. soldiers who were killed in the Persian Gulf War.
• Policy Analysis: The Profligate President: A Midterm Review of George Bush's Fiscal Policy Performance.
  This site contains an excellent review of Ex-President George Bush's fiscal policy performance. The analysis was written by Stephen Moore, who is the Director of Fiscal Policy Studies at Cato Institute's.
• Speeches by Newt Gingrich, former Speaker of the House
  An excellent source for anyone doing research on the rhetoric of Newt Gingrich. Contains 12 different speeches ranging from his acceptance speech upon being elected Speaker to his 1996 speech at the Republican National Convention.
• A Rebuttal to the "Contract With the American Family"
  This site concludes that the Christian Coalition's "Contract with the American Family" is neither Christian nor American.
• Balanced Budget Populism
  A site that examines the issues important to Generation X. It is a political piece that explains the lack of representation Generation X has in context to the government.
• The House Judiciary Committee Report: Action Toward Impeachment
  The complete report of the House Judiciary Committee as well as links to the information gathered by Independent Counsel Kenneth Starr on the Clinton impeachment
• Kosovo: TIME Magazine
  This is a TIME Magazine page on the Peacekeeping mission in Kosovo.  It contains up to date information on the situation in Kosovo, as well as significant background information, both military and political.  Includes an article on Secretary of State Albright and a speech on the Crisis by President Clinton

• America's Bosnia Policy
  This is an article written by Ivo H. Daalder, director of European affairs on the National Security Council staff from 1995 to 1997. This article draws on his forthcoming book, Getting to Dayton: The Making of America's Bosnia Policy in 1995.
• Transfer of the Panama Canal
  Dr. C. Richard Nelson, Director of Atlantic Council Program on International Security wrote this article which gives an excellent scope of what may happen to the Panama Canal with changing owners from the United States to Panama on December 31, 1999.
• The Improving America's School Act of 1994
  Written by the Secretary of the U.S. Department of Education, Richard W. Riley, this site explains what the department would like to do in order to make U.S. schools that much better and to become a place of "higher education." The site also talks about four main goals, which need to be achieved in order to reach this goal.
• Mark McGwire's 70 home runs
  Washington Post article about Mark McGwire hitting 70 home runs and energizing the nation.
• New Methods in Making Babies
  This site is helpful for people interested in science and technology. It describes new methods in the way babies are being produced. This site can be helpful for people trying to find alternatives for creating children. This site is an excellent one put together by TIME magazine.
• Biography of Jerry Garcia
  A young man by the name of Casey Jones wrote a biography on Jerry Garcia. The biography gives an in depth look at the entire life of Garcia, from his birth in 1942 to his death in 1995 describing not just his life in the band, but also talks about the problems he had with drugs and alcohol.
• Denny Hastert: Speaker of the House
  Read about the man who's "Securing America's Future." Denny Hastert's official web page hosts biographical data, current policy issues, and historical documents.

• An Interview with Betty Friedan
  In this 1994 interview Betty Friedan emphasizes the importance of economic equality for women. She also comments on downsizing, the organization and management of corporations, and the women's movement today.

Editor's Notes:

Site built, edited, and maintained by Howard B. Fedrick

Site research and content provided by students of History 425 - Fall 1999

Sean Carey, Larry Dake, Sara DeLuca, Ben Ferguson

Michael Jeffers, Nick Kazinetz, Steve Kish, Jamie Musloski

Kristine Plankey, Chris Smith, Janyne Swircek

Tom Torbik, Jon Treon, Maria Ulicny

E-Mail to Howard B. Fedrick

Last Updated February 1, 2000