Peloponnesian War: Athens vs. Sparta

Socrates: Philosopher vs. Disturber of Public Order

Alexander the Great: Statesman vs. Slaughterer

Julius Caesar: Statesman vs. Revolutionary

Augustus Caesar: Restorer vs. Innovator

Constantine: Defender of Christianity vs. Tyrant

Fall of Rome: Catastrophe for Civilization vs. Deserved Destruction

Charlemagne: Statesman vs. Slaughterer

William the Conqueror: Legitimate Claimant vs. Vicious Opportunist

Pope Gregory VII: Reforming Pontiff vs. Usurping Tyrant

Crusades: Holy War vs. Sinful Slaughter

Hundred Years War: English vs. French

Joan of Arc: Saint vs. Freak

Wars of the Roses: Lancaster vs. York

Columbus: Explorer vs. Slaughterer

Martin Luther: Inspired Innovator vs. Rebel against Roman Catholicism

Queen Elizabeth: Statesman vs. Rebel against Roman Catholicism

Galileo: Inspired Innovator vs. Rebel against Roman Catholicism

King Louis XIV: Sun King vs. Tyrant

Frederick the Great: Statesman vs. Conniving Bully

Peter the Great: Statesman vs. Conniving Bully

Declaration of Independence: Noble Sentiments vs. Propaganda

Reign of Terror: Necessary Action vs. Slaughter

Wars of the Coalitions: France vs. England

Industrial Revolution: Bringing Prosperity or Dealing out Suffering

Bismarck: Statesman vs. Conniving Bully

Darwin: Inspired Scientist vs. Attacker on Christianity

Freud: Inspired Innovator vs. Attacker on Christianity

Nationalism: Foundation for Peace or Program for War